diff --git a/mm/z3fold.c b/mm/z3fold.c
index 6c2325cd3fba053e4dbe6532c52a01de1346fede..0152ad9931a87a89b0aa22cbbc47b9b023ef0542 100644
--- a/mm/z3fold.c
+++ b/mm/z3fold.c
@@ -181,6 +181,13 @@ enum z3fold_page_flags {
 	PAGE_CLAIMED, /* by either reclaim or free */
 };
 
+/*
+ * handle flags, go under HANDLE_FLAG_MASK
+ */
+enum z3fold_handle_flags {
+	HANDLES_NOFREE = 0,
+};
+
 /*
  * Forward declarations
  */
@@ -311,6 +318,12 @@ static inline void free_handle(unsigned long handle, struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
 	slots = handle_to_slots(handle);
 	write_lock(&slots->lock);
 	*(unsigned long *)handle = 0;
+
+	if (test_bit(HANDLES_NOFREE, &slots->pool)) {
+		write_unlock(&slots->lock);
+		return; /* simple case, nothing else to do */
+	}
+
 	if (zhdr->slots != slots)
 		zhdr->foreign_handles--;
 
@@ -621,6 +634,28 @@ static inline void add_to_unbuddied(struct z3fold_pool *pool,
 	}
 }
 
+static inline enum buddy get_free_buddy(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, int chunks)
+{
+	enum buddy bud = HEADLESS;
+
+	if (zhdr->middle_chunks) {
+		if (!zhdr->first_chunks &&
+		    chunks <= zhdr->start_middle - ZHDR_CHUNKS)
+			bud = FIRST;
+		else if (!zhdr->last_chunks)
+			bud = LAST;
+	} else {
+		if (!zhdr->first_chunks)
+			bud = FIRST;
+		else if (!zhdr->last_chunks)
+			bud = LAST;
+		else
+			bud = MIDDLE;
+	}
+
+	return bud;
+}
+
 static inline void *mchunk_memmove(struct z3fold_header *zhdr,
 				unsigned short dst_chunk)
 {
@@ -682,18 +717,7 @@ static struct z3fold_header *compact_single_buddy(struct z3fold_header *zhdr)
 		if (WARN_ON(new_zhdr == zhdr))
 			goto out_fail;
 
-		if (new_zhdr->first_chunks == 0) {
-			if (new_zhdr->middle_chunks != 0 &&
-					chunks >= new_zhdr->start_middle) {
-				new_bud = LAST;
-			} else {
-				new_bud = FIRST;
-			}
-		} else if (new_zhdr->last_chunks == 0) {
-			new_bud = LAST;
-		} else if (new_zhdr->middle_chunks == 0) {
-			new_bud = MIDDLE;
-		}
+		new_bud = get_free_buddy(new_zhdr, chunks);
 		q = new_zhdr;
 		switch (new_bud) {
 		case FIRST:
@@ -815,9 +839,8 @@ static void do_compact_page(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, bool locked)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page) ||
-		     test_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private) ||
-		     test_bit(PAGE_STALE, &page->private))) {
+	if (test_bit(PAGE_STALE, &page->private) ||
+	    test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private)) {
 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
 		return;
 	}
@@ -826,13 +849,16 @@ static void do_compact_page(struct z3fold_header *zhdr, bool locked)
 	    zhdr->mapped_count == 0 && compact_single_buddy(zhdr)) {
 		if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount, release_z3fold_page_locked))
 			atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
-		else
+		else {
+			clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 			z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
 	z3fold_compact_page(zhdr);
 	add_to_unbuddied(pool, zhdr);
+	clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
 }
 
@@ -1080,17 +1106,8 @@ static int z3fold_alloc(struct z3fold_pool *pool, size_t size, gfp_t gfp,
 retry:
 		zhdr = __z3fold_alloc(pool, size, can_sleep);
 		if (zhdr) {
-			if (zhdr->first_chunks == 0) {
-				if (zhdr->middle_chunks != 0 &&
-				    chunks >= zhdr->start_middle)
-					bud = LAST;
-				else
-					bud = FIRST;
-			} else if (zhdr->last_chunks == 0)
-				bud = LAST;
-			else if (zhdr->middle_chunks == 0)
-				bud = MIDDLE;
-			else {
+			bud = get_free_buddy(zhdr, chunks);
+			if (bud == HEADLESS) {
 				if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount,
 					     release_z3fold_page_locked))
 					atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
@@ -1236,7 +1253,6 @@ static void z3fold_free(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
 		pr_err("%s: unknown bud %d\n", __func__, bud);
 		WARN_ON(1);
 		put_z3fold_header(zhdr);
-		clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -1251,8 +1267,7 @@ static void z3fold_free(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned long handle)
 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
 		return;
 	}
-	if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page)) ||
-	    test_and_set_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private)) {
+	if (test_and_set_bit(NEEDS_COMPACTING, &page->private)) {
 		put_z3fold_header(zhdr);
 		clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 		return;
@@ -1316,6 +1331,10 @@ static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
 	struct page *page = NULL;
 	struct list_head *pos;
 	unsigned long first_handle = 0, middle_handle = 0, last_handle = 0;
+	struct z3fold_buddy_slots slots __attribute__((aligned(SLOTS_ALIGN)));
+
+	rwlock_init(&slots.lock);
+	slots.pool = (unsigned long)pool | (1 << HANDLES_NOFREE);
 
 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
 	if (!pool->ops || !pool->ops->evict || retries == 0) {
@@ -1330,35 +1349,36 @@ static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
 		list_for_each_prev(pos, &pool->lru) {
 			page = list_entry(pos, struct page, lru);
 
-			/* this bit could have been set by free, in which case
-			 * we pass over to the next page in the pool.
-			 */
-			if (test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private)) {
-				page = NULL;
-				continue;
-			}
-
-			if (unlikely(PageIsolated(page))) {
-				clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
-				page = NULL;
-				continue;
-			}
 			zhdr = page_address(page);
 			if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private))
 				break;
 
+			if (kref_get_unless_zero(&zhdr->refcount) == 0) {
+				zhdr = NULL;
+				break;
+			}
 			if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr)) {
-				clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
+				if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount,
+						release_z3fold_page))
+					atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
 				zhdr = NULL;
 				continue; /* can't evict at this point */
 			}
-			if (zhdr->foreign_handles) {
-				clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
-				z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
+
+			/* test_and_set_bit is of course atomic, but we still
+			 * need to do it under page lock, otherwise checking
+			 * that bit in __z3fold_alloc wouldn't make sense
+			 */
+			if (zhdr->foreign_handles ||
+			    test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private)) {
+				if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount,
+						release_z3fold_page))
+					atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
+				else
+					z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
 				zhdr = NULL;
 				continue; /* can't evict such page */
 			}
-			kref_get(&zhdr->refcount);
 			list_del_init(&zhdr->buddy);
 			zhdr->cpu = -1;
 			break;
@@ -1380,12 +1400,16 @@ static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
 			first_handle = 0;
 			last_handle = 0;
 			middle_handle = 0;
+			memset(slots.slot, 0, sizeof(slots.slot));
 			if (zhdr->first_chunks)
-				first_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, FIRST);
+				first_handle = __encode_handle(zhdr, &slots,
+								FIRST);
 			if (zhdr->middle_chunks)
-				middle_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, MIDDLE);
+				middle_handle = __encode_handle(zhdr, &slots,
+								MIDDLE);
 			if (zhdr->last_chunks)
-				last_handle = encode_handle(zhdr, LAST);
+				last_handle = __encode_handle(zhdr, &slots,
+								LAST);
 			/*
 			 * it's safe to unlock here because we hold a
 			 * reference to this page
@@ -1400,19 +1424,16 @@ static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, middle_handle);
 			if (ret)
 				goto next;
-			free_handle(middle_handle, zhdr);
 		}
 		if (first_handle) {
 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, first_handle);
 			if (ret)
 				goto next;
-			free_handle(first_handle, zhdr);
 		}
 		if (last_handle) {
 			ret = pool->ops->evict(pool, last_handle);
 			if (ret)
 				goto next;
-			free_handle(last_handle, zhdr);
 		}
 next:
 		if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private)) {
@@ -1426,9 +1447,11 @@ static int z3fold_reclaim_page(struct z3fold_pool *pool, unsigned int retries)
 			spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
 			clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 		} else {
+			struct z3fold_buddy_slots *slots = zhdr->slots;
 			z3fold_page_lock(zhdr);
 			if (kref_put(&zhdr->refcount,
 					release_z3fold_page_locked)) {
+				kmem_cache_free(pool->c_handle, slots);
 				atomic64_dec(&pool->pages_nr);
 				return 0;
 			}
@@ -1544,8 +1567,7 @@ static bool z3fold_page_isolate(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode)
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(PageIsolated(page), page);
 
-	if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private) ||
-	    test_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private))
+	if (test_bit(PAGE_HEADLESS, &page->private))
 		return false;
 
 	zhdr = page_address(page);
@@ -1557,6 +1579,8 @@ static bool z3fold_page_isolate(struct page *page, isolate_mode_t mode)
 	if (zhdr->mapped_count != 0 || zhdr->foreign_handles != 0)
 		goto out;
 
+	if (test_and_set_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private))
+		goto out;
 	pool = zhdr_to_pool(zhdr);
 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
 	if (!list_empty(&zhdr->buddy))
@@ -1583,16 +1607,17 @@ static int z3fold_page_migrate(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpa
 
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageMovable(page), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageIsolated(page), page);
+	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!test_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private), page);
 	VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(!PageLocked(newpage), newpage);
 
 	zhdr = page_address(page);
 	pool = zhdr_to_pool(zhdr);
 
-	if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr)) {
+	if (!z3fold_page_trylock(zhdr))
 		return -EAGAIN;
-	}
 	if (zhdr->mapped_count != 0 || zhdr->foreign_handles != 0) {
 		z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
+		clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 		return -EBUSY;
 	}
 	if (work_pending(&zhdr->work)) {
@@ -1634,6 +1659,7 @@ static int z3fold_page_migrate(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *newpa
 	queue_work_on(new_zhdr->cpu, pool->compact_wq, &new_zhdr->work);
 
 	page_mapcount_reset(page);
+	clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 	put_page(page);
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1657,6 +1683,7 @@ static void z3fold_page_putback(struct page *page)
 	spin_lock(&pool->lock);
 	list_add(&page->lru, &pool->lru);
 	spin_unlock(&pool->lock);
+	clear_bit(PAGE_CLAIMED, &page->private);
 	z3fold_page_unlock(zhdr);
 }