Newer
Older
notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
nowatchdog [KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
If the dependencies are under your control, you can
turn on cpu0_hotplug.
nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
SAL PALO.
nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
Allowed values are enable and disable
numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
This can be set from sysctl after boot.
See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
info.
olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
command is not properly ACKed, override the length
of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
interrupts *may* be lost!
omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
For example, to override I2C bus2:
omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
oprofile.timer= [HW]
Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
userland or if you want common events.
Robert Richter
committed
Format: { arch_perfmon }
arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
CPU specific event set.
timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
for generic hr timer mode)
Andreas Krebbel
committed
[s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
(report cpu_type "timer")
oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
process, but there is a small probability of
deadlocking the machine.
This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
OSS [HW,OSS]
See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
timeout = 0: wait forever
timeout < 0: reboot immediately
Format: <timeout>
parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
connected to, default is 0.
Format: <parport#>
parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
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Format: <mode>
parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
possible conflicts). You can specify the base
address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
(to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
are specified on the command line, starting
with parport0.
parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
computer where firmware has no options for setting
up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
pause_on_oops=
Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
pcbit= [HW,ISDN]
pcd. [PARIDE]
See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
changes anything
off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
Jaswinder Singh Rajput
committed
nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
properly configured MMIO access to PCI
config space on AMD family 10h CPU
nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
should never be necessary.
ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
when the system masks IRQs.
Stefan Assmann
committed
noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
The opposite of ioapicreroute.
biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
on several machines and they hang the machine
when used, but on other computers it's the only
way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
motherboard.
rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
Use with caution as certain devices share
address decoders between ROMs and other
resources.
norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
expansion ROMs that do not already have
BIOS assigned address ranges.
nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
this way.
pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
of the PIRQ table (normally generated
by the BIOS) if it is outside the
F0000h-100000h range.
lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
useful if the kernel is unable to find your
secondary buses and you want to tell it
explicitly which ones they are.
assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
numbers ourselves, overriding
whatever the firmware may have done.
usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
IRQ routing is enabled.
noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
please report a bug.
nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
If you need to use this, please report a bug.
routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
so this option is a temporary workaround
for broken drivers that don't call it.
skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
handle more pci cards
firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
just use the configuration from the
bootloader. This is currently used on
IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
Andi Kleen
committed
noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
This might help on some broken boards which
machine check when some devices' config space
is read. But various workarounds are disabled
and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
This sorting is done to get a device
order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value
supported by all devices below the root complex.
pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
Read Request Size) to the largest supported
value (no larger than the MPS that the device
or bus can support) for best performance.
pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
every device is guaranteed to support. This
configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
reduced performance. This also guarantees
that hot-added devices will work.
cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
The default value is 256 bytes.
cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
resource_alignment=
Format:
[<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
Specifies alignment and device to reassign
aligned memory resources.
If <order of align> is not specified,
PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
windows need to be expanded.
ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
end-to-end CRC checking).
bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
the default.
off: Turn ECRC off
on: Turn ECRC on.
hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
Default size is 256 bytes.
hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window.
Default size is 2 megabytes.
realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
accommodate resources required by all child
devices.
off: Turn realloc off
on: Turn realloc on
realloc same as realloc=on
noari do not use PCIe ARI.
pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
port.
pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
Management.
off Disable ASPM.
force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
unconditionally.
compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
ports driver.
pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
boot time.
Format: { 0 | 1 }
See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
and performance comparison.
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
See also Documentation/parport.txt.
pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
e.g. pmtmr=0x508
pnp.debug=1 [PNP]
Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
current resource usage; turning this on also shows
possible settings and some assignment information.
pnpacpi= [ACPI]
{ off }
pnpbios= [ISAPNP]
{ on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
pnp_reserve_irq=
[ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
pnp_reserve_dma=
[ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
[ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
autoconfiguration.
ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
Default is 21.
Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
may be specified.
Format: <port>,<port>....
print-fatal-signals=
[KNL] debug: print fatal signals
If enabled, warn about various signal handling
related application anomalies: too many signals,
too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
coredump - etc.
If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
printk.always_kmsg_dump=
Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
panics
Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
default: disabled
printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
Limit processor to maximum C-state
max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
instead using the legacy FADT method
profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
Format: [schedule,]<number>
Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
statistical time based profiling.
Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
before loading.
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
per second.
psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
(0 = never).
psmouse.resolution=
[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
psmouse.smartscroll=
[HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
pty.legacy_count=
[KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
default number.
quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
r128= [HW,DRM]
raid= [HW,RAID]
See Documentation/md.txt.
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
rcu_nocbs= [KNL,BOOT]
In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will
be offloaded to "rcuoN" kthreads created for
that purpose. This reduces OS jitter on the
offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and
real-time workloads. It can also improve energy
efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors.
rcu_nocb_poll [KNL,BOOT]
Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
(specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
This improves the real-time response for the
offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
periodically wake up to do the polling.
rcutree.blimit= [KNL,BOOT]
Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
in one batch.
rcutree.fanout_leaf= [KNL,BOOT]
Increase the number of CPUs assigned to each
leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very large
systems.
rcutree.qhimark= [KNL,BOOT]
Set threshold of queued
RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL,BOOT]
Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
batch limiting is re-enabled.
rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL,BOOT]
Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
rcutree.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL,BOOT]
Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
Set delay from grace-period initialization to
first attempt to force quiescent states.
Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
and maximum value is HZ.
rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL,BOOT]
Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
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rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts.
rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts.
rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts.
rcutorture.irqreader= [KNL,BOOT]
Test RCU readers from irq handlers.
rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL,BOOT]
Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL,BOOT]
Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
test, hence the "fake".
rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL,BOOT]
Set number of RCU readers.
rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
during the rcutorture test.
rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL,BOOT]
Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
is useful for hands-off automated testing.
rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL,BOOT]
Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
warnings, zero to disable.
rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL,BOOT]
Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
rcutorture.stutter= [KNL,BOOT]
Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL,BOOT]
Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
"Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
under test support RCU priority boosting.
rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL,BOOT]
Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL,BOOT]
Interval (s) between each boost test.
rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL,BOOT]
Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL,BOOT]
Specify the RCU implementation to test.
rcutorture.verbose= [KNL,BOOT]
Enable additional printk() statements.
rdinit= [KNL]
Format: <full_path>
Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
reboot= [BUGS=X86-32,BUGS=ARM,BUGS=IA-64] Rebooting mode
See arch/*/kernel/reboot.c or arch/*/kernel/process.c
relax_domain_level=
[KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
Thadeu Lima de Souza Cascardo
committed
See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
Format: nn[KMG]
Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
address space.
reservelow= [X86]
Format: nn[K]
Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
the bottom of the address space.
reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
during initialization.
resume= [SWSUSP]
Specify the partition device for software suspend
Minho Ban
committed
Format:
{/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
read the resume files
Barry Song
committed
resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
present during boot.
nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
Set number of hash buckets for route cache
riscom8= [HW,SERIAL]
Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
root= [KNL] Root filesystem
See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
mount the root filesystem
rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
S [KNL] Run init in single mode
sa1100ir [NET]
See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
Format: { "0" | "1" }
0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
1 -- enable.
Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
security module asking for security registration will be
loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
as if no module has been chosen.
selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
Format: { "0" | "1" }
See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
0 -- disable.
1 -- enable.
Default value is set via kernel config option.
If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
later to disable prior to initial policy load.
apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
Format: { "0" | "1" }
See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
0 -- disable.
1 -- enable.
Default value is set via kernel config option.
serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
Format: { <integer> }
Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
for example 1 means boot CPU only.
slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
last alloc / free. For more information see
Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
fragmentation. For more information see
Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
merging on their own.
For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
smart2= [HW]
Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
1: Fast pin select (default)
2: ATC IRMode
softlockup_panic=
[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
specialix= [HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
spia_fio_base=
spia_pedr=
spia_peddr=
stacktrace [FTRACE]
Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
[FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
list of functions. This list can be changed at run
time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
and the stacktrace above is not needed.
sti= [PARISC,HW]
Format: <num>
Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
as the initial boot-console.
See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
sti_font= [HW]
See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
stifb= [HW]
Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
sunrpc.min_resvport=
sunrpc.max_resvport=
[NFS,SUNRPC]
SunRPC servers often require that client requests
originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
range 0 < portnr < 1024).
An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
using these two parameters to set the minimum and
maximum port values.
sunrpc.pool_mode=
[NFS]
Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
NFS server is running.
auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
automatically using heuristics
global a single global pool contains all CPUs
percpu one pool for each CPU
pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
to global on non-NUMA machines)
sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
[NFS,SUNRPC]
Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
server. Increasing these values may allow you to
improve throughput, but will also increase the
amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
swapaccount[=0|1]
[KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
on older distributions. When this option is enabled
very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
in older udev will not work anymore.
Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
the kernel configuration.
sysrq_always_enabled
[KNL]
Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
Useful for debugging.
test_suspend= [SUSPEND]
Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
standby suspend) as the system sleep state to briefly
enter during system startup. The system is woken from
this state using a wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
-1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
<degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
-1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
<degrees C>: override all critical trip points
thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
critical and hot trip points.
thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
1: disable ACPI thermal control
thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
-1: disable all passive trip points
<degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
value
thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
<deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
0: no polling (default)
threadirqs [KNL]
Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
topology= [S390]
Format: {off | on}
Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
topology information if the hardware supports this.
The scheduler will make use of this information and
e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
Format: integer pcr id
Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
as a workaround for some chips which fail to
flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
are saved.
trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
[FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size.
trace_event=[event-list]
[FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
to facilitate early boot debugging.
See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
trace_options=[option-list]
[FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot.
The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were
to echo the option name into
/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options
For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the
stack trace of each event), add to the command line:
trace_options=stacktrace
See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options"
section.
transparent_hugepage=
[KNL]
Format: [always|madvise|never]
Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
with respect to transparent hugepages.
See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
Format: <string>
[x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
virtualized environment.
[x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
can add overhead.
turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
TurboGraFX parallel port interface
Format:
<port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
happen after console_init() and before a proper
console driver takes over, this boot options might
help "seeing" what's going on.
uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
uhci-hcd.ignore_oc=
[USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be