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  • 	noclflush	[BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
    
    
    	nodelayacct	[KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
    
    
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    	nodisconnect	[HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
    
    
    	nodsp		[SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
    
    
    	noefi		[X86] Disable EFI runtime services support.
    
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    	noexec		[IA-64]
    
    
    			On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
    
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    			noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
    
    			noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
    
    
    	nosmap		[X86]
    			Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
    			even if it is supported by processor.
    
    
    			Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
    
    			even if it is supported by processor.
    
    
    	noexec32	[X86-64]
    			This affects only 32-bit executables.
    			noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
    				read doesn't imply executable mappings
    			noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
    				read implies executable mappings
    
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    	nofpu		[SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
    
    
    	nofxsr		[BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
    
    			register save and restore. The kernel will only save
    			legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
    
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    	noxsave		[BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
    			and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
    			enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
    
    
    			on	enable eager fpu restore
    
    			off	disable eager fpu restore
    
    			auto	selects the default scheme, which automatically
    				enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
    
    	nohlt		[BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
    			wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
    			use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
    
    	no_file_caps	Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities.  The
    			only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
    			is to be setuid root or executed by root.
    
    
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    	nohalt		[IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
    			function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
    			power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
    			interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
    			in certain environments such as networked servers or
    			real-time systems.
    
    
    	nohz=		[KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
    			Valid arguments: on, off
    			Default: on
    
    
    	nohz_full=	[KNL,BOOT]
    			In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set
    
    			the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped
    
    			whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside
    			the range to maintain the timekeeping.
    
    			The CPUs in this range must also be included in the
    			rcu_nocbs= set.
    
    	noiotrap	[SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
    
    
    	noirqdebug	[X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
    
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    			disable unhandled interrupt sources.
    
    
    	no_timer_check	[X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
    
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    	noisapnp	[ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
    
    	noinitrd	[RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
    			initial RAM disk.
    
    
    	nointremap	[X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
    			remapping.
    
    			[Deprecated - use intremap=off]
    
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    	nointroute	[IA-64]
    
    
    	nojitter	[IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
    
    	no-kvmclock	[X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
    
    
    	no-kvmapf	[X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
    			fault handling.
    
    
    	no-steal-acc    [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
    			steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
    			behaviour
    
    
    	nolapic		[X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
    
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    	nolapic_timer	[X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
    
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    	noltlbs		[PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
    			lowmem mapping on PPC40x.
    
    
    	nomca		[IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
    
    
    	nomce		[X86-32] Machine Check Exception
    
    	nomfgpt		[X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
    			Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
    
    
    	nonmi_ipi	[X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
    			shutdown the other cpus.  Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
    			irq.
    
    
    	nomodule	Disable module load
    
    
    	nopat		[X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
    			pagetables) support.
    
    
    	norandmaps	Don't use address space randomization.  Equivalent to
    			echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
    
    
    	noreplace-paravirt	[X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
    
    	noreplace-smp	[X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
    
    	nordrand	[X86] Disable the direct use of the RDRAND
    			instruction even if it is supported by the
    			processor.  RDRAND is still available to user
    			space applications.
    
    
    	noresume	[SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
    			space.
    
    
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    	no-scroll	[VGA] Disables scrollback.
    			This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
    			reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
    
    	nosbagart	[IA-64]
    
    
    	nosep		[BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
    
    	nosmp		[SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
    			and disable the IO APIC.  legacy for "maxcpus=0".
    
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    	nosoftlockup	[KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
    
    
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    	nosync		[HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
    
    
    	notsc		[BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
    
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    	nousb		[USB] Disable the USB subsystem
    
    
    	nowatchdog	[KNL] Disable the lockup detector (NMI watchdog).
    
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    	nowb		[ARM]
    
    	nox2apic	[X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
    
    
    	cpu0_hotplug	[X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
    			CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
    			Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
    			1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
    			Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
    			need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
    			2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
    			removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
    			It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
    			machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
    			after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
    			If the dependencies are under your control, you can
    			turn on cpu0_hotplug.
    
    
    	nptcg=		[IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
    
    			purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
    			SAL PALO.
    
    
    	nr_cpus=	[SMP] Maximum number of processors that	an SMP kernel
    			could support.  nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
    			supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
    			use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
    			just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
    
    
    	nr_uarts=	[SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
    
    
    	numa_balancing=	[KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
    			Allowed values are enable and disable
    
    
    	numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
    			one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
    			This can be set from sysctl after boot.
    			See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
    
    
    	ohci1394_dma=early	[HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
    			See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
    			info.
    
    
    	olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
    			Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
    			command is not properly ACKed, override the length
    			of the timeout.  We have interrupts disabled while
    			waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
    			interrupts *may* be lost!
    
    
    	omap_mux=	[OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
    			Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
    			For example, to override I2C bus2:
    			omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
    
    
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    	oprofile.timer=	[HW]
    			Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
    
    
    	oprofile.cpu_type=	Force an oprofile cpu type
    			This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
    			userland or if you want common events.
    
    			Format: { arch_perfmon }
    			arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
    
    				perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
    				CPU specific event set.
    
    			timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
    				timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
    				for generic hr timer mode)
    
    				[s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
                                    (report cpu_type "timer")
    
    	oops=panic	Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
    			process, but there is a small probability of
    			deadlocking the machine.
    
    			This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
    			Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
    
    
    	OSS		[HW,OSS]
    			See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
    
    
    	panic=		[KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
    
    			timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
    			timeout = 0: wait forever
    			timeout < 0: reboot immediately
    
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    			Format: <timeout>
    
    	parkbd.port=	[HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
    			connected to, default is 0.
    			Format: <parport#>
    	parkbd.mode=	[HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
    			0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
    
    			Format: <mode>
    
    	parport=	[HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
    			Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
    			Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
    			IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
    			ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
    			possible conflicts). You can specify the base
    			address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
    			should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
    			settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
    			(to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
    			Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
    			are specified on the command line, starting
    			with parport0.
    
    	parport_init_mode=	[HW,PPT]
    			Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
    			a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
    			computer where firmware has no options for setting
    			up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
    			Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
    
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    			Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
    
    
    	pause_on_oops=
    			Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
    			the specified number of seconds.  This is to be used if
    			your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
    
    
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    	pcbit=		[HW,ISDN]
    
    	pcd.		[PARIDE]
    			See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
    
    			See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
    
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    	pci=option[,option...]	[PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
    
    		earlydump	[X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
    			        changes anything
    
    		off		[X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
    
    		bios		[X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
    
    				the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
    				has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
    
    		nobios		[X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
    
    				hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
    				if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
    				suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
    
    		conf1		[X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
    
    				Mechanism 1.
    
    		conf2		[X86] Force use of PCI Configuration
    
    				Mechanism 2.
    
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    		noaer		[PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
    				enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
    				disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
    
    		nodomains	[PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
    				root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
    
    		nommconf	[X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
    
    		check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
    				properly configured MMIO access to PCI
    				config space on AMD family 10h CPU
    
    		nomsi		[MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
    				enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
    				disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
    
    		noioapicquirk	[APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
    				Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
    				should never be necessary.
    
    		ioapicreroute	[APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
    				primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
    				boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
    				when the system masks IRQs.
    
    		noioapicreroute	[APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
    				boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
    				a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
    				The opposite of ioapicreroute.
    
    		biosirq		[X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
    
    				routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
    				on several machines and they hang the machine
    				when used, but on other computers it's the only
    				way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
    				this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
    				IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
    				motherboard.
    
    		rom		[X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
    
    				Use with caution as certain devices share
    				address decoders between ROMs and other
    				resources.
    
    		norom		[X86] Do not assign address space to
    
    				expansion ROMs that do not already have
    				BIOS assigned address ranges.
    
    		nobar		[X86] Do not assign address space to the
    				BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
    
    		irqmask=0xMMMM	[X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
    
    				assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
    				make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
    				this way.
    
    		pirqaddr=0xAAAAA	[X86] Specify the physical address
    
    				of the PIRQ table (normally generated
    				by the BIOS) if it is outside the
    				F0000h-100000h range.
    
    		lastbus=N	[X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
    
    				useful if the kernel is unable to find your
    				secondary buses and you want to tell it
    				explicitly which ones they are.
    
    		assign-busses	[X86] Always assign all PCI bus
    
    				numbers ourselves, overriding
    				whatever the firmware may have done.
    
    		usepirqmask	[X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
    
    				in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
    				some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
    				some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
    				notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
    				IRQ routing is enabled.
    
    		noacpi		[X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
    
    				or for PCI scanning.
    
    		use_crs		[X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
    				from ACPI.  On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
    				is enabled by default.  If you need to use this,
    				please report a bug.
    		nocrs		[X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
    			        If you need to use this, please report a bug.
    
    		routeirq	Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
    				This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
    				so this option is a temporary workaround
    				for broken drivers that don't call it.
    
    		skip_isa_align	[X86] do not align io start addr, so can
    				handle more pci cards
    
    		firmware	[ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
    				just use the configuration from the
    				bootloader. This is currently used on
    				IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
    				configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
    
    		noearly		[X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
    				This might help on some broken boards which
    				machine check when some devices' config space
    				is read. But various workarounds are disabled
    				and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
    
    		bfsort		Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
    				This sorting is done to get a device
    				order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
    		nobfsort	Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
    
    		pcie_bus_tune_off	Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
    				tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
    		pcie_bus_safe	Set every device's MPS to the largest value
    				supported by all devices below the root complex.
    		pcie_bus_perf	Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
    				based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
    				Read Request Size) to the largest supported
    				value (no larger than the MPS that the device
    				or bus can support) for best performance.
    		pcie_bus_peer2peer	Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
    				every device is guaranteed to support. This
    				configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
    				any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
    				reduced performance.  This also guarantees
    				that hot-added devices will work.
    
    		cbiosize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
    				reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
    				The default value is 256 bytes.
    		cbmemsize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
    				reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
    				window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
    
    		resource_alignment=
    				Format:
    				[<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
    				Specifies alignment and device to reassign
    				aligned memory resources.
    				If <order of align> is not specified,
    				PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
    				PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
    				windows need to be expanded.
    
    		ecrc=		Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
    				end-to-end CRC checking).
    				bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
    				the default.
    				off: Turn ECRC off
    				on: Turn ECRC on.
    
    		hpiosize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
    				reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
    				Default size is 256 bytes.
    		hpmemsize=nn[KMG]	The fixed amount of bus space which is
    				reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window.
    				Default size is 2 megabytes.
    
    		realloc=	Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
    				if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
    				accommodate resources required by all child
    				devices.
    				off: Turn realloc off
    				on: Turn realloc on
    		realloc		same as realloc=on
    
    		pcie_scan_all	Scan all possible PCIe devices.  Otherwise we
    				only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
    				port.
    
    	pcie_aspm=	[PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
    			Management.
    		off	Disable ASPM.
    		force	Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
    			WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
    
    
    	pcie_hp=	[PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
    		nomsi	Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
    			makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
    
    
    	pcie_ports=	[PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
    
    		auto	Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
    			associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER).  Use
    			them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
    		native	Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
    			unconditionally.
    
    		compat	Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
    			ports driver.
    
    
    	pcie_pme=	[PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
    
    		nomsi	Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
    
    			all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
    
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    	pcmv=		[HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
    
    	pd.		[PARIDE]
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
    
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    	pdcchassis=	[PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
    			boot time.
    			Format: { 0 | 1 }
    			See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
    
    
    	percpu_alloc=	Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
    
    			Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
    			Archs may support subset or none of the	selections.
    			See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
    			allocator.  This parameter is primarily	for debugging
    			and performance comparison.
    
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    	pf.		[PARIDE]
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
    
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    	pg.		[PARIDE]
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
    
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    	pirq=		[SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
    
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    			See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
    
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    	plip=		[PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
    			Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
    			See also Documentation/parport.txt.
    
    
    	pmtmr=		[X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
    
    			Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
    			e.g. pmtmr=0x508
    
    
    	pnp.debug=1	[PNP]
    			Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
    			CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option).  Change at run-time
    			via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug.  We always show
    			current resource usage; turning this on also shows
    			possible settings and some assignment information.
    
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    	pnpacpi=	[ACPI]
    			{ off }
    
    	pnpbios=	[ISAPNP]
    			{ on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
    
    	pnp_reserve_irq=
    			[ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
    
    	pnp_reserve_dma=
    			[ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
    
    	pnp_reserve_io=	[ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
    
    			Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
    
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    	pnp_reserve_mem=
    
    			[ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
    			autoconfiguration.
    
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    			Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
    
    
    	ports=		[IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
    			Default is 21.
    			Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
    			may be specified.
    			Format: <port>,<port>....
    
    
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    	print-fatal-signals=
    			[KNL] debug: print fatal signals
    
    
    			If enabled, warn about various signal handling
    			related application anomalies: too many signals,
    			too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
    			coredump - etc.
    
    			If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
    			you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
    
    
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    			default: off.
    
    
    	printk.always_kmsg_dump=
    			Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
    			panics
    			Format: <bool>  (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
    			default: disabled
    
    
    	printk.time=	Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
    			Format: <bool>  (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
    
    
    	processor.max_cstate=	[HW,ACPI]
    			Limit processor to maximum C-state
    			max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
    
    	processor.nocst	[HW,ACPI]
    			Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
    			instead using the legacy FADT method
    
    
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    	profile=	[KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
    
    			Format: [schedule,]<number>
    			Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
    			Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
    				statistical time based profiling.
    
    			Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
    				Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
    
    			Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
    
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    	prompt_ramdisk=	[RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
    			before loading.
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
    
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    	psmouse.proto=	[HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
    			probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
    
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    	psmouse.rate=	[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
    			per second.
    
    	psmouse.resetafter=	[HW,MOUSE]
    			Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
    
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    			(0 = never).
    	psmouse.resolution=
    			[HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
    	psmouse.smartscroll=
    
    			[HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
    
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    			0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
    
    
    	pstore.backend=	Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
    
    
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    	pt.		[PARIDE]
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
    
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    	pty.legacy_count=
    			[KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
    			default number.
    
    
    	quiet		[KNL] Disable most log messages
    
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    	r128=		[HW,DRM]
    
    	raid=		[HW,RAID]
    			See Documentation/md.txt.
    
    
    	ramdisk_blocksize=	[RAM]
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
    
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    	ramdisk_size=	[RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
    
    			See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
    
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    			In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
    			the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
    			Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will
    
    			be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for
    			that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p"
    			for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N"
    			is the CPU number.  This reduces OS jitter on the
    
    			offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and
    
    			real-time workloads.  It can also improve energy
    			efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors.
    
    
    			Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
    			(specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
    			awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
    			make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
    			This improves the real-time response for the
    			offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
    			wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
    			energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
    			periodically wake up to do the polling.
    
    
    			Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to process
    			in one batch.
    
    	rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL]
    
    			Increase the number of CPUs assigned to each
    			leaf rcu_node structure.  Useful for very large
    			systems.
    
    
    	rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
    
    			Set delay from grace-period initialization to
    			first attempt to force quiescent states.
    			Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
    			and maximum value is HZ.
    
    
    	rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL]
    
    			Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
    			quiescent states.  Units are jiffies, minimum
    			value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
    
    
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    			RCU callbacks over which batch limiting is disabled.
    
    
    			Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
    			batch limiting is re-enabled.
    
    	rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL]
    
    			Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
    			RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
    
    	rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL]
    
    			Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
    			only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
    			Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
    			prove do nothing more than free memory.
    
    	rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL]
    
    			Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts.
    
    
    	rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL]
    
    			Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts.
    
    
    	rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL]
    
    			Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts.
    
    
    	rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL]
    			Use expedited update-side primitives.
    
    	rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL]
    			Use normal (non-expedited) update-side primitives.
    			If both gp_exp and gp_normal are set, do both.
    			If neither gp_exp nor gp_normal are set, still
    			do both.
    
    	rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL]
    
    			Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
    
    
    	rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL]
    
    			Set number of concurrent RCU writers.  These just
    			stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
    			test, hence the "fake".
    
    
    			Set number of RCU readers.
    
    
    	rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL]
    			Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
    
    	rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
    
    			Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
    
    
    	rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
    
    			Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
    			zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
    
    
    	rcutorture.rcutorture_runnable= [BOOT]
    			Start rcutorture running at boot time.
    
    	rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
    
    			Set task-shuffle interval (s).  Shuffling tasks
    			allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
    			during the rcutorture test.
    
    
    	rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
    
    			Set time (s) after boot system shutdown.  This
    			is useful for hands-off automated testing.
    
    
    	rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL]
    
    			Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
    			warnings, zero to disable.
    
    
    	rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
    
    			Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
    
    
    	rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
    
    			Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
    
    
    			Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
    			five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
    			wait for five seconds, and so on.  This tests RCU's
    			ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
    
    
    	rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL]
    
    			Test RCU priority boosting?  0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
    			"Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
    			under test support RCU priority boosting.
    
    
    	rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL]
    
    			Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
    
    
    	rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL]
    
    			Interval (s) between each boost test.
    
    
    	rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL]
    
    			Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling.  See also the
    			rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
    
    
    	rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL]
    
    			Specify the RCU implementation to test.
    
    
    			Enable additional printk() statements.
    
    
    	rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL]
    			Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
    			example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead
    			of synchronize_rcu().  This reduces latency,
    			but can increase CPU utilization, degrade
    			real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
    
    	rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL]
    			Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
    
    	rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL]
    			Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
    
    
    	rdinit=		[KNL]
    			Format: <full_path>
    			Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
    			used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
    
    
    	reboot=		[KNL]
    			Format (x86 or x86_64):
    				[w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \
    				[[,]s[mp]#### \
    				[[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \
    				[[,]f[orce]
    			Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio,
    			      reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci,
    			      reboot_force is either force or not specified,
    			      reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
    					to be used for rebooting.
    
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    	relax_domain_level=
    			[KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
    
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    	reserve=	[KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
    
    
    	reservetop=	[X86-32]
    
    			Format: nn[KMG]
    			Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
    			address space.
    
    
    	reservelow=	[X86]
    			Format: nn[K]
    			Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
    			the bottom of the address space.
    
    
    	reset_devices	[KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
    			during initialization.
    
    
    	resume=		[SWSUSP]
    			Specify the partition device for software suspend
    
    			Format:
    			{/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
    
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    	resume_offset=	[SWSUSP]
    			Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
    			given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
    			in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
    			See  Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
    
    
    	resumedelay=	[HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
    			read the resume files
    
    
    	resumewait	[HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
    			Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
    			(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
    
    
    	hibernate=	[HIBERNATION]
    		noresume	Don't check if there's a hibernation image
    				present during boot.
    		nocompress	Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
    
    
    	retain_initrd	[RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
    
    
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    	rhash_entries=	[KNL,NET]
    			Set number of hash buckets for route cache
    
    	riscom8=	[HW,SERIAL]
    			Format: <io_board1>[,<io_board2>[,...<io_boardN>]]
    
    	ro		[KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
    
    	root=		[KNL] Root filesystem
    
    			See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
    
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    	rootdelay=	[KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
    			mount the root filesystem
    
    	rootflags=	[KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
    
    	rootfstype=	[KNL] Set root filesystem type
    
    
    	rootwait	[KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
    			Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
    			(e.g. USB and MMC devices).
    
    
    	rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address]
    			[KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block.
    			Memory area to be used by remote processor image,
    			managed by CMA.
    
    
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    	rw		[KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
    
    	S		[KNL] Run init in single mode
    
    	sa1100ir	[NET]
    			See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
    
    	sbni=		[NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
    
    	sched_debug	[KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
    
    
    	skew_tick=	[KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
    			xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
    			contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
    			Format: { "0" | "1" }
    			0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
    			1 -- enable.
    			Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
    			enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
    
    
    	security=	[SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
    			If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
    			security module asking for security registration will be
    			loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
    			as if no module has been chosen.
    
    	selinux=	[SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
    
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    			Format: { "0" | "1" }
    			See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
    			0 -- disable.
    			1 -- enable.
    			Default value is set via kernel config option.
    			If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
    			later to disable prior to initial policy load.
    
    
    	apparmor=	[APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
    			Format: { "0" | "1" }
    			See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
    			0 -- disable.
    			1 -- enable.
    			Default value is set via kernel config option.
    
    
    	serialnumber	[BUGS=X86-32]
    
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    	shapers=	[NET]
    			Maximal number of shapers.
    
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    	show_msr=	[x86] show boot-time MSR settings
    			Format: { <integer> }
    			Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
    			The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
    			for example 1 means boot CPU only.
    
    
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    	simeth=		[IA-64]
    	simscsi=
    
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    	slram=		[HW,MTD]
    
    
    	slab_max_order=	[MM, SLAB]
    			Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
    			A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
    			fragmentation.  Defaults to 1 for systems with
    			more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
    
    
    	slub_debug[=options[,slabs]]	[MM, SLUB]
    			Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
    			culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
    			slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
    			may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
    			last alloc / free. For more information see
    			Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
    
    
    	slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
    
    			Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
    			A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
    			fragmentation. For more information see
    			Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
    
    
    	slub_min_objects=	[MM, SLUB]
    
    			The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
    			increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
    			generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
    			the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
    			of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
    			and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
    
    			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
    
    	slub_min_order=	[MM, SLUB]
    
    			Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
    
    			lower than slub_max_order.
    
    			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
    
    	slub_nomerge	[MM, SLUB]
    
    			Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
    
    			necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
    
    			allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
    			merging on their own.
    
    			For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
    
    
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    	smart2=		[HW]
    			Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
    
    
    	smsc-ircc2.nopnp	[HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg=	[HW] Device configuration I/O port
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir=	[HW] SIR base I/O port
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir=	[HW] FIR base I/O port
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq=	[HW] IRQ line
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma=	[HW] DMA channel
    	smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
    				0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
    				1: Fast pin select (default)
    				2: ATC IRMode
    
    
    	softlockup_panic=
    			[KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
    
    			Format: <integer>
    
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    	sonypi.*=	[HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
    
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    			See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
    
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    	specialix=	[HW,SERIAL] Specialix multi-serial port adapter
    
    			See Documentation/serial/specialix.txt.
    
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    	spia_io_base=	[HW,MTD]
    	spia_fio_base=
    	spia_pedr=
    	spia_peddr=
    
    
    	stacktrace	[FTRACE]
    			Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.